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ERP/supply chain education
need to define a term that's not here? ask us
W
wage rate- The actual or standard pay rate for a labor
hour.
Wagner-Whitin algorithm-
A dynamic programming lot sizing model that evaluates multiple
alternatives that consider period demand and production, holding, and
setup costs to produce an optimal lot size that varies for each period
as required.
wait
time- syn:
idle time
wall-to-wall
inventory- A physical inventory of all items within a given
warehouse or facility.
wand-
A handheld movable device passed over an item to read its bar
code.
warehouse management system
(WMS)- An
integrated set of system functions designed to manage the locating,
putaway, movement, picking and cycle count/inventory verification
activities of a warehouse or distribution center. It normally receives
purchase, sales and interplant order data from a base
ERP system that
serve as the authorization to initiate activities. Warehouse locations
are described in terms of their weight and volume capacities to enable
proper direction when moving or stocking material. Inventory and order
status data, collected in real time often through the use of data
collection devices, is normally uploaded to the base ERP system on a
batch basis.
warehouse zone-
A physically or logically segregated area within a warehouse
defined by the type of material it contains (bulk or rack storage,
hazardous material, etc.) or the division of equipment and personnel
used to putaway, move and pick.
warranty return- An
item returned by a customer for credit or repair under the terms
specified at time of sale. Warranty tracking requires the use of
individual order and/or serial numbers to properly recreate the
conditions that existed when the item was originally shipped.
waste- Any activity or process
that does not add value to the goods or services required by the
customer. Examples of waste include move time, counting inventory,
inspection, the production of defective material, rework, etc. Waste
is considered to cause increased cost, lead time and quality problems
while not adding value, and may be created by vendors, personnel,
equipment, incorrect process parameters and many other factors.
wave picking- A
warehouse order picking scheme in which all zones are picked at the same
time as required to fill multiple item requirements for a given order
or destination.
wedge reader- A
data collection device where a magnetic card is swiped, or pulled,
through a slot in the middle.
weighted moving
average- A
moving average
that assigns different weights to values
or periods within the total population, as opposed to an equal
weighting as with a simple moving average. More weight is often given
to the most recent period or periods.
what-if analysis- The
simulation of the outcome of various scenarios and alternatives when
changes to the inputs and parameters is done.
where-used- A list
of the all upper-level items that use a given component or material on
their bill of material. Often used in tracing requirements and
evaluating the impact of standards changes and material
substitutions.
Winters 3 parameter- A
forecast method that incorporates
exponential
smoothing, seasonality
and trend analysis.
workaround- A
response that solves a project or system issue by the use of alternate
methods or a change in procedures in place of a program modification.
work breakdown
structure- A hierarchical definition of the tasks and activities
of a project that normally begins with the highest-level activities
and works downward into the individual tasks and components.
work
center- A
physical or logical production area used as a unit for scheduling and
routing operations. It is usually defined as being either labor or
machine constrained, and while it may contain multiple machines or
personnel they are considered identical in terms of the capability to
process products assigned to that center. A work center may perform
multiple operations, but capacity requirements are usually tracked
only at the total work center level. Work center definitions can be
flexible based on the process and reporting capabilities and
requirements of the organization.
work center
where-used- A list of all products routed through a given work
center. Useful in evaluating the impact of rate, cost or process
changes.
workflow- The path
and systems used in the linked flow of activities with a specific
start and finish that describe a process. The flow defines where
inputs are initiated, the location of decision points and the
alternatives in output paths, and is used in systems that perform
automatic routing.
workgroup- Personnel
that collaborate on a specific project or function, make use of a
common database, schedule and method of communication, and update
tasks and activities specifically related to that project or
function.
working capital- Current
assets minus current liabilities. The portion of current assets
available for other uses after satisfying current obligations.
work in process
(WIP)-
Material that has been partially processed but not yet transformed
into its final state and not normally usable as is. The status of WIP
material is usually described by its current routing operation
location.
work instructions: syn:
manufacturing instructions.
work order- syn:
production order.
workstation- The
assigned location used by labor personnel to perform an operation,
which may be composed of multiple tasks. Production lines are often a
continuous stream of linked workstations.
work units- The
measure of a process, such as units, hours, weight, etc.
world class- A
general term for a high level of competitive performance as defined by
benchmarking and use of best practices.
X
Y
yield- The
measurement, also known as return, of the output (such as production
units or a dividend) as a percentage of the input (raw material or
price paid for a stock or bond).
Z
zero defects- A
quality philosophy based on the idea that a level of perfect quality,
as in zero defects, is achievable and should be a company-wide goal.
It emphasizes the examination of all factors that lead to quality
problems versus a system that builds in an average or acceptable
quality level.
zero float- A
project activity condition of no excess or
slack
time, where delay in
the activity delays the next activity or possibly the entire
project.
zero inventory- A
term initially used to represent the optimum stock level in a
just-in-time system and the idea that inventory is a liability instead
of an asset.
zone picking- A
warehouse order picking scheme utilizing zones in which pickers select
materials within their own area only and the total material required
for the order is later grouped together.
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Glossary
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